Method to treat cardiofibrosis with a combination of an angiotensin II antagonist and spironolactone

ABSTRACT

A therapeutic method is described for treating cardiofibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy using a combination therapy comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of an epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist and a therapeutically-effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Preferred angiotensin II receptor antagonists are those compounds having high potency and bioavailability and which are characterized in having an imidazole or triazole moiety attached to a biphenylmethyl or pyridinyl/phenylmethyl moiety. A preferred epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist is spironolactone. A preferred combination therapy includes the angiotensin II receptor antagonist 5-[2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]phenyl-1H-tetrazole and the aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] Therapeutic methods are described for treatment of cardiofibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Of particular interest are therapies using an epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist compound such as spironolactone in combination with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist compound.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Myocardial (or cardiac) failure, whether a consequence of a previous myocardial infarction, heart disease associated with hypertension, or primary cardiomyopathy, is a major health problem of worldwide proportions. The incidence of symptomatic heart failure has risen steadily over the past several decades.

[0003] In clinical terms, decompensated cardiac failure consists of a constellation of signs and symptoms that arises from congested organs and hypoperfused tissues to form the congestive heart failure (CHF) syndrome. Congestion is caused largely by increased venous pressure and by inadequate sodium (Na⁺) excretion, relative to dietary Na⁺ intake, and is importantly related to circulating levels of aldosterone (ALDO). An abnormal retention of Na⁺ occurs via tubular epithelial cells throughout the nephron, including the later portion of the distal tubule and cortical collecting ducts, where ALDO receptor sites are present.

[0004] ALDO is the body's most potent mineralocorticoid hormone. As connoted by the term mineralocorticoid, this steroid hormone has mineral-regulating activity. It promotes Na⁺ reabsorption not only in the kidney, but also from the lower gastrointestinal tract and salivary and sweat glands, each of which represents classic ALDO-responsive tissues. ALDO regulates Na⁺ and water resorption at the expense of potassium (K⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) excretion.

[0005] ALDO can also provoke responses in nonepithelial cells. Elicited by a chronic elevation in plasma ALDO level that is inappropriate relative to dietary Na⁺ intake, these responses can have adverse consequences on the structure of the cardiovascular system. Hence, ALDO can contribute to the progressive nature of myocardial failure for multiple reasons.

[0006] Multiple factors regulate ALDO synthesis and metabolism, many of which are operative in the patient with myocardial failure. These include renin as well as non-renin-dependent factors (such as K⁺, ACTH) that promote ALDO synthesis. Hepatic blood flow, by regulating the clearance of circulating ALDO, helps determine its plasma concentration, an important factor in heart failure characterized by reduction in cardiac output and hepatic blood flow.

[0007] The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the hormonal mechanisms involved in regulating pressure/volume homeostasis and also in the development of hypertension. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system begins with renin secretion from the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney and culminates in the formation of angiotensin II, the primary active species of this system. This octapeptide, angiotensin II, is a potent vasoconstrictor and also produces other physiological effects such as stimulating aldosterone secretion, promoting sodium and fluid retention, inhibiting renin secretion, increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, stimulating vasopressin secretion, causing positive cardiac inotropic effect and modulating other hormonal systems.

[0008] Previous studies have shown that antagonizing angiotensin II binding at its receptors is a viable approach to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system, given the pivotal role of this octapeptide which mediates the actions of the renin-angiotensin system through interaction with various tissue receptors. There are several known angiotensin II antagonists, most of which are peptidic in nature. Such peptidic compounds are of limited use due to their lack of oral bioavailability or their short duration of action. Also, commercially-available peptidic angiotensin II antagonists (e.g., Saralasin) have a significant residual agonist activity which further limit their therapeutic application.

[0009] Non-peptidic compounds with angiotensin II antagonist properties are known. For example, early descriptions of such non-peptidic compounds include the sodium salt of 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-(2-chlorobenzyl)imidazole-5-acetic acid which has specific competitive angiotensin II antagonist activity as shown in a series of binding experiments, functional assays and in vivo tests [P. C. Wong et al, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 247(1), 1-7 (1988)]. Also, the sodium salt of 2-butyl-4-chloro-1-(2-nitrobenzyl)imidazole-5-acetic acid has specific competitive angiotensin II antagonist activity as shown in a series of binding experiments, functional assays and in vivo tests [A. T. Chiu et al, European J. Pharmacol., 157, 31-21 (1988)]. A family of 1-benzylimidazole-5-acetate derivatives has been shown to have competitive angiotensin II antagonist properties [A. T. Chiu et al, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 250(3), 867-874 (1989)]. U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,463 to Blankey et al describes a family of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo(4,5-c)-tetrahydro-pyridine derivatives useful as antihypertensives, some of which are reported to antagonize the binding of labelled angiotensin II to rat adrenal receptor preparation and thus cause a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure in conscious hypertensive rats. Other families of non-peptidic angiotensin II antagonists have been characterized by molecules having a biphenylmethyl moiety attached to a heterocyclic moiety. For example, EP No. 253,310, published Jan. 20, 1988, describes a series of aralkyl imidazole compounds, including in particular a family of biphenylmethyl substituted imidazoles, as antagonists to the angiotensin II receptor. EP No. 323,841 published Jul. 12, 1989 describes four classes of angiotensin II antagonists, namely, biphenylmethylpyrroles, biphenylmethylpyrazoles, biphenylmethyl-1,2,3-triazoles and biphenylmethyl 4-substituted-4H-1,2,4-triazoles, including the compound 3,5-dibutyl-4-[(2′-carboxybiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole. U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,804 to Carini et al describes a family of biphenylmethylbenzimidazole compounds as angiotensin II receptor blockers for use in treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

[0010] Many aldosterone receptor blocking drugs are known. For example, spironolactone is a drug which acts at the mineralocorticoid receptor level by competitively inhibiting aldosterone binding. This steroidal compound has been used for blocking aldosterone-dependent sodium transport in the distal tubule of the kidney in order to reduce edema and to treat essential hypertension and primary hyperaldosteronism [F. Mantero et al, Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., 45 (Suppl 1), 219s-224s (1973)]. Spironolactone is also used commonly in the treatment of other hyperaldosterone-related diseases such as liver cirrhosis and congestive heart failure [F. J. Saunders et al, Aldactone; Spironolactone: Comprehensive Review, Searle, N.Y. (1978)]. Progressively-increasing doses of spironolactone from 1 mg to 400 mg per day [i.e., 1 mg/day, 5 mg/day, 20 mg/day] were administered to a spironolactone-intolerant patient to treat cirrhosis-related ascites [P. A. Greenberger et al, N. Eng. Reg. Allergy Proc., 7(4) , 343-345 (July-August, 1986)]. It has been recognized that development of myocardial fibrosis is sensitive to circulating levels of both Angiotensin II and aldosterone, and that the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone prevents myocardial fibrosis in animal models, thereby linking aldosterone to excessive collagen deposition [D. Klug et al, Am. J. Cardiol., 71 (3), 46A-54A (1993)]. Spironolactone has been shown to prevent fibrosis in animal models irrespective of the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and the presence of hypertension [C. G. Brilla et al, J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 25(5), 563-575 (1993)]. Spironolactone at a dosage ranging from 25 mg to 100 mg daily is used to treat diuretic-induced hypokalemia, when orally-administered potassium supplements or other potassium-sparing regimens are considered inappropriate [Physicians' Desk Reference, 46th Edn., p. 2153, Medical Economics Company Inc., Montvale, N.J. (1992)].

[0011] Previous studies have shown that inhibiting ACE inhibits the renin-angiotensin system by substantially complete blockade of the formation of angiotensin II. Many ACE inhibitors have been used clinically to control hypertension. While ACE, inhibitors may effectively control hypertension, side effects are common including chronic cough, skin rash, loss of taste sense, proteinuria and neutropenia.

[0012] Moreover, although ACE inhibitors effectively block the formation of angiotensin II, aldosterone levels are not well controlled in certain patients having cardiovascular diseases. For example, despite continued ACE inhibition in hypertensive patients receiving captopril, there has been observed a gradual return of plasma aldosterone to baseline levels [J. Staessen et al, J. Endocrinol., 91, 457-465 (1981)]. A similar effect has been observed for patients with myocardial infarction receiving zofenopril [C. Borghi et al, J. Clin. Pharmacol., 33, 40-45 (1993)]. This phenomenon has been termed “aldosterone escape”.

[0013] Another series of steroidal-type aldosterone receptor antagonists is exemplified by epoxy-containing spironolactone derivatives. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,332 issued to Grob et al describes 9α,11α-epoxy-containing spironolactone derivatives as aldosterone antagonists useful as diuretics. These 9α,11α-epoxy steroids have been evaluated for endocrine effects in comparison to spironolactone [M. de Gasparo et al, J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 240(2), 650-656 (1987)].

[0014] Combinations of an aldosterone antagonist and an ACE inhibitor have been investigated for treatment of heart failure. It is known that mortality is higher in patients with elevated levels of plasma aldosterone and that aldosterone levels increase as CHF progresses from activation of the Renin-Angiontensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Routine use of a diuretic may further elevate aldosterone levels. ACE inhibitors consistently inhibit angiotensin II production but exert only a mild and transient antialdosterone effect.

[0015] Combining an ACE inhibitor and spironolactone has been suggested to provide substantial inhibition of the entire RAAS. For example, a combination of enalapril and spironolactone has been administered to ambulatory patients with monitoring of blood pressure [P. Poncelet et al, Am. J. Cardiol., 665(2), 33K-35K (1990)]. In a 90-patient study, a combination of captopril and spironolactone was administered and found effective to control refractory CHF without serious incidents of hyperkalemia [U. Dahlstrom et al, Am. J. Cardiol., 71, 29A-33A (Jan. 21, 1993)]. Spironolactone coadministered with an ACE inhibitor was reported to be highly effective in 13 of 16 patients afflicted with congestive heart failure [A. A. van Vliet et al, Am. J. Cardiol., 71, 21A-28A (Jan. 21, 1993)]. Clinical improvements have been reported for patients receiving a co-therapy of spironolactone and the ACE inhibitor enalapril, although this report mentions that controlled trials are needed to determine the lowest effective doses and to identify which patients would benefit most from combined therapy [F. Zannad, Am. J. Cardiol., 71(3), 34A-39A (1993)].

[0016] Combinations of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and aldosterone receptor antagonist, are known. For example, PCT Application No. US91/09362 published Jun. 25, 1992 describes treatment of hypertension using a combination of an imidazole-containing angiotensin II antagonist compound and a diuretic such as spironolactone.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0017] A therapeutic method for treating or preventing progression of cardiofibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy is provided by a combination therapy comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a therapeutically-effective amount of an epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist.

[0018] The phrase “angiotensin II receptor antagonist” is intended to embrace one or more compounds or agents having the ability to interact with a receptor site located on various human body tissues, which site is a receptor having a relatively high affinity for angiotensin II and which receptor site is associated with mediating one or more biological functions or events such as vasoconstriction or vasorelaxation, kidney-mediated sodium and fluid retention, sympathetic nervous system activity, and in modulating secretion of various substances such as aldosterone, vasopressin and renin, to lower blood pressure in a subject susceptible to or afflicted with elevated blood pressure. Interactions of such angiotensin II receptor antagonist with this receptor site may be characterized as being either “competitive” (i.e., “surmountable”) or as being “insurmountable”. These terms, “competitive” and “insurmountable”, characterize the relative rates, faster for the former term and slower for the latter term, at which the antagonist compound dissociates from binding with the receptor site.

[0019] The phrase “epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist” embraces an agent or compound, or a combination of two or more of such agents or compounds, which agent or compound binds to the aldosterone receptor as a competitive inhibitor of the action of aldosterone itself at the receptor site in the renal tubules, so as to modulate the receptor-mediated activity of aldosterone. Typical of such aldosterone receptor antagonists are spirolactone-type compounds. The term “spirolactone-type” is intended to characterize a steroidal structure comprising a lactone moiety attached to a steroid nucleus, typically at the steroid “D” ring, through a spiro bond configuration. Preferred spirolactone-type compounds are epoxy-free, e.g., compounds which do not contain an epoxy moiety attached to any portion of the steroid nucleus.

[0020] The phrase “combination therapy”, in defining use of an angiotensin II antagonist and a spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist, is intended to embrace administration of each antagonist in a sequential manner in a regimen that will provide beneficial effects of the drug combination, and is intended to embrace co-administration of the antagonist agents in a substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single capsule having a fixed ratio of active ingredients or in multiple, separate capsules for each antagonist agent.

[0021] The phrase “therapeutically-effective” is intended to qualify the amount of each antagonist agent for use in the combination therapy which will improve cardiac sufficiency by reducing or preventing the progression of myocardial fibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy.

[0022] The phrase “low-dose amount”, in characterizing a therapeutically-effective amount of the aldosterone receptor antagonist agent in the combination therapy, is intended to define a quantity of such agent, or a range of quantity of such agent, that is capable of improving cardiac sufficiency while reducing or avoiding one or more aldosterone-antagonist-induced side effects, such as hyperkalemia. A dosage of an aldosterone receptor antagonist, e.g , spironolactone, which would accomplish the therapic goal of favorably enhancing cardiac sufficiency, while reducing or avoiding side effects, would be a dosage that substantially avoids inducing diuresis, that is, a substantially non-diuresis-effective dosage or a non-diuretic-effective amount of an aldosterone receptor antagonist.

[0023] Another combination therapy of interest would consist essentially of three active agents, namely, an AII antagonist, an aldosterone receptor antagonist agent and a diuretic.

[0024] For a combination of AII antagonist agent and an ALDO antagonist agent, the agents would be used in combination in a weight ratio range from about 0.5-to-one to about twenty-to-one of the AII antagonist agent to the aldosterone receptor antagonist agent. A preferred range of these two agents (AII antagonist-to-ALDO antagonist) would be from about one-to-one to about fifteen-to-one, while a more preferred range would be from about one-to-one to about five-to-one, depending ultimately on the selection of the AII antagonist and ALDO antagonist. The diuretic agent may be present in a ratio range of 0.1-to-one to about ten to one (AII antagonist to diuretic).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] Examples of angiotensin II (AII) antagonists which may be used in the combination therapy are shown in the following categories:

[0026] A first group of AII antagonists consists of the following compounds:

[0027] saralasin acetate, candesartan cilexetil, CGP-63170, EMD-66397, KT3-671, LR-B/081, valsartan, A-81282, BIBR-363, BIBS-222, BMS-184698, candesartan, CV-11194, EXP-3174, KW-3433, L-161177, L-162154, LR-B/057, LY-235656, PD-150304, U-96849, U-97018, UP-275-22, WAY-126227, WK-1492.2K, YM-31472, losartan potassium, E-4177, EMD-73495, eprosartan, HN-65021, irbesartan, L-159282, ME-3221, SL-91.0102, Tasosartan, Telmisartan, UP-269-6, YM-358, CGP-49870, GA-0056, L-159689, L-162234, L-162441, L-163007, PD-123177, A-81988, BMS-180560, CGP-38560A, CGP-48369, DA-2079, DE-3489, DuP-167, EXP-063, EXP-6155, EXP-6803, EXP-7711, EXP-9270, FK-739, HR-720, ICI-D6888, ICI-D7155, ICI-D8731, isoteoline, KRI-1177, L-158809, L-158978, L-159874, LR B087, LY-285434, LY-302289, LY-3l5995, RG-13647, RWJ-38970, RWJ-46458, S-8307, S-8308, saprisartan, saralasin, Sarmesin, WK-1360, X-6803, ZD-6888, ZD-7155, ZD-8731, BIBS39, CI-996, DMP-811, DuP-532, EXP-929, L-163017, LY-301875, XH-148, XR-510, zolasartan and PD-123319.

[0028] A second group of AII antagonists of interest consists of the following compounds:

[0029] saralasin acetate, candesartan cilexetil, CGP-63170, EMD-66397, KT3-671, LR-B/081, valsartan, A-81282, BIBR-363, BIBS-222, BMS-184698, candesartan, CV-11194, EXP-3174, KW-3433, L-161177, L-162154, LR-B/057, LY-235656, PD-150304, U-96849, U-97018, UP-275-22, WAY-126227, WK-1492.2K, YM-31472, losartan potassium, E-4177, EMD-73495, eprosartan, HN-65021, irbesartan, L-15928-, ME-3221, SL-91.0102, Tasosartan, Telmisartan, UP-269-6, YM-358, CGP-49870, GA-0056, L-159689, L-162234, L-162441, L-163007 and PD-123177.

[0030] A family of spirolactone-type compounds of interest for use in the combination therapy is defined by Formula A

[0031] wherein R is lower alkyl of up to 5 carbon atoms, and

[0032] Lower alkyl residues include branched and unbranched groups, preferably methyl, ethyl and n-propyl.

[0033] Specific compounds of interest within Formula A are the following:

[0034] 7α-Aceylythio-3-oxo-4,15-androstadiene-[17(β-1′)-spiro-5′]perhydrofuran-2′-one;

[0035] 3-oxo-7α-propionylthio-4,15-androstadiene-[17((β-1′)-spiro-5′]perhydrofuran-2′-one;

[0036] 6β,7β-Methylene-3-oxo4,15-androstadiene-[17((β-1′)-spiro-5′]perhydrofuran-2′-one;

[0037] 15α,16α-Methylene-3 -oxo-4,7α-propionylthio-4-androstene[17(β-1′)-spiro-5]perhydrofuran-2′-one;

[0038] 6β,7β,15α, 16α-Dimethylene-3-oxo-4-androstene [17(β-1′)-spiro-5′]perhydrofuran-2′-one;

[0039] 7α-Aceylythio-15β,16β-Methylene-3-oxo-4-androstene-[17(β-1′)-spiro-5′]perhydrofuran-2′-one;

[0040] 15β,16β-Methylene-3-oxo-7β-propionylthio-4-androstene-[17(β-1′)-spiro-5′]perhydrofulran-2′-one; and

[0041] 6β,7β,15β,16β-Dimethylene-3 -oxo-4-androstene-[17(β-1′)-spiro-5′]perhydrofuran-2′-one.

[0042] Methods to make compounds of Formula A are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,564 to Wiechart en al issued on Dec. 12, 1978.

[0043] A second family of spirolactone-type compounds of interest for use in the combination therapy is defined by Formula B:

[0044] wherein

[0045] R¹ is C₁₋₃-alkyl or C₁₋₃ acyl and R² is hydrogen or C₁₋₃-alkyl.

[0046] Specific compounds of interest within Formula B are the following:

[0047] 1α-Acetylthio-15β,16β-methylene-7α-methylthio-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone; and

[0048] 15β,16β-Methylene-1α,7α-dimethylthio-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone.

[0049] Methods to make the compounds of Formula B are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,789,668 to Nickisch et al which issued Dec. 6, 19888.

[0050] A third family of spirolactone-type compounds of interest for use in the combination therapy is defined by a structure of Formula C:

[0051] Specific compounds of interest include:

[0052] 7α-Acylthio-21-hydroxy-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-17-carboxylic acid lactones; and

[0053] 21-hydroxy-3-oxo-17α-pregn-1,4-diene-17-carboxylic acid lactone.

[0054] Methods to make the compounds of Formula C are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,257,390 to Patchett which issued Jun. 21, 1966. Of particular interest is the compound spironolactone having the following structure and formal name:

[0055] “spironolactone”:17-hydroxy-7α-mercapto-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid γ-lactone acetate

[0056] Spironolactone is sold by G. D. Searle & Co., Skokie, Ill., under the trademark “ALDACTONE”, in tablet dosage form at doses of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg per tablet.

[0057] A diuretic agent may be used in the combination of ACE inhibitor and aldosterone receptor antagonist. Such diuretic agent may be selected from several known classes, such as thiazides and related sulfonamides, potassium-sparing diuretics, loop diuretics and organic mercurial diuretics.

[0058] Angiotensin II receptor antagonist compounds suitable for use in the combination therapy are described in Table II, below. Preferred compounds for use in the combination therapy may be generally characterized structurally as having two portions. A first portion constitutes a mono-aryl-alkyl moiety, or a bi-aryl-alkyl moiety, or a mono-heteroaryl-alkyl moiety, or a bi-heteroaryl-alkyl moiety. A second portion constitutes a heterocyclic moiety or an open chain hetero-atom-containing moiety.

[0059] Typically, the first-portion mono/bi-aryl/heteroaryl-alkyl moiety is attached to the second portion heterocyclic/open-chain moiety through the alkyl group of the mono/bi-aryl/heteroaryl-alkyl moiety to any substitutable position on the heterocyclic/open-chain moiety second portion. Suitable first-portion mono/bi-aryl/heteroaryl-alkyl moieties are defined by any of the various moieties listed under Formula I:

Ar—Alk—L Ar—L—Ar—Alk—L Het—L—Ar—Alk—L Het—L—Het—Alk—L Ar—L—Het—Alk—L Het—L—Alk—L  (I)

[0060] wherein the abbreviated notation used in the moieties of Formula I is defined as follows:

[0061] “Ar” means a five or six-membered carbocyclic ring system consisting of one ring or two fused rings, with such ring or rings being typically fully unsaturated but which also may be partially or fully saturated. “Phenyl” radical most typically exemplifies “Ar”.

[0062] “Het” means a monocyclic or bicyclic fused ring system having from five to eleven ring members, and having at least one of such ring members being a hetero atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and with such ring system containing up to six of such hetero atoms as ring members.

[0063] “Alk” means an alkyl radical or alkylene chain, linear or branched, containing from one to about five carbon atoms. Typically, “Alk” means “methylene”, i.e., —CH₂—.

[0064] “L” designates a single bond or a bivalent linker moiety selected from carbon, oxygen and sulfur. When “L” is carbon, such carbon has two hydrido atoms attached thereto.

[0065] Suitable second-portion heterocyclic moieties of the angiotensin II antagonist compounds, for use in the combination therapy, are defined by any of the various moieties listed under Formula IIa or IIb:

[0066] wherein each of X¹ through X⁶ is selected from —CH═, —CH₂—, —N═, —NH—, 0, and S, with the proviso that at least one of X¹ through X⁶ in each of Formula IIa and Formula IIb must be a hetero atom. The heterocyclic moiety of Formula IIa or IIb may be attached through a bond from any ring member of the Formula IIa or IIb heterocyclic moiety having a substitutable or a bond-forming position.

[0067] Examples of monocyclic heterocyclic moieties of Formula IIa include thienyl, furyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, isopyrrolyl, 3-isopyrrolyl, 2-isoimidazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2-dithiolyl, 1,3-dithiolyl, 1,2,3-oxathiolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 1,2,3,5-oxatriazolyl, 1,2,3-dioxazolyl, 1,2,4-dioxazolyl, 1,3,2-dioxazolyl, 1,3,4-dioxazolyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazolyl, 1,3-oxathiolyl, 1,2-pyranyl, 1,4-pyranyl, 1,2-pyronyl, 1,4-pyronyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, s-triazinyl, as-triazinyl, v-triazinyl, 1,2,4-oxazinyl, 1,3,2-oxazinyl, 1,3,6-oxazinyl, 1,2,6-oxazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, o-isoxazinyl, p-isoxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,2,6-oxathiazinyl, 1,4,2-oxadiazinyl, 1,3,5,2-oxadiazinyl, morpholinyl, azepinyl, oxepinyl, thiepinyl and 1,2,4-diazepinyl.

[0068] Examples of bicyclic heterocyclic moieties of Formula IIb include benzo[b]thienyl, isobenzofuranyl, chrorenyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purilayl, quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, thieno[2,3-b]furanyl, 2H-furo[3,2-b]pyranyl, 5H-pyrido[2,3-d[]1,2]oxazinyl, 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]oxazolyl, 4H-imidazo[4,5-d]thiazolyl, pyrazino[2,3-d]pyridazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, cyclopenta[b]pyranyl, 4H-[1,3]oxathiolo-[5,4-b]pyrrolyl, thieno[2,3-b]furanyl, imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazinyl and 4H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-d]imidazolyl.

[0069] The angiotensin II receptor antagonist compounds, as provided by the first-and-second-portion moieties of Formula I and II, are further characterized by an acidic moiety attached to either of said first-and-second-portion moieties. Preferably this acidic moiety is attached to the first-portion moiety of Formula I and is defined by Formula III:

—U_(n)A  (III)

[0070] wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive, and wherein A is an acidic group selected to contain at least one acidic hydrogen atom, and the amide, ester and salt derivatives of said acidic moieties; wherein U is a spacer group independently selected from one or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl and heteroaryl having one or more ring atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms.

[0071] The phrase “acidic group selected to contain at least one acidic hydrogen atom”, as used to define the —U_(n)A moiety, is intended to embrace chemical groups which, when attached to any substitutable position of the Formula I-IIa/b moiety, confers acidic character to the compound of Formula I-IIa/b. “Acidic character” means proton-donor capability, that is, the capacity of the compound of Formula I-IIa/b to be a proton donor in the presence of a proton-receiving substance such as water. Typically, the acidic group should be selected to have proton-donor capability such that the product compound of Formula I-IIa/b has a pK_(a) in a range from about one to about twelve. More typically, the Formula I-IIa/b compound would have a pK_(a) in a range from about two to about seven. An example of an acidic group containing at least one acidic hydrogen atom is carboxyl group (—COOH). Where n is zero and A is —COOH, in the —U_(n)A moiety, such carboxyl group would be attached directly to one of the Formula I-IIa/b positions. The Formula I-IIa/b compound may have one —U_(n)A moiety attached at one of the Formula I-IIa/b positions, or may have a plurality of such —U_(n)A moieties attached at more than one of the Formula I-IIa/b positions. There are many examples of acidic groups other than carboxyl group, selectable to contain at least one acidic hydrogen atom. Such other acidic groups may be collectively referred to as “bioisosteres of carboxylic acid” or referred to as “acidic bioisosteres”. Specific examples of such acidic bioisosteres are described hereinafter. Compounds of Formula I-IIa/b may have one or more acidic protons and, therefore, may have one or more pK_(a) values. It is preferred, however, that at least one of these pK_(a) values of the Formula I-IIa/b compound as conferred by the —U_(n)A moiety be in a range from about two to about seven. The —U_(n)A moiety may be attached to one of the Formula I-IIa/b positions through any portion of the —U_(n)A moiety which results in a Formula I-IIa/b compound being relatively stable and also having a labile or acidic proton to meet the foregoing pK_(a) criteria. For example, where the —U_(n)A acid moiety is tetrazole, the tetrazole is typically attached at the tetrazole ring carbon atom.

[0072] For any of the moieties embraced by Formula I and Formula II, such moieties may be substituted at any substitutable position by one or more radicals selected from hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, halo, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aralkylthio, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aroyl, cycloalkenyl, cyano, cyanoamino, nitro, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, mercapto, mercaptocarbonyl, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl having one or more ring atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, and amino and amido radicals of the formula

[0073] wherein W is oxygen atom or sulfur atom; wherein each of R¹ through R⁵ is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, YR⁶ and

[0074] wherein Y is selected from oxygen atom and sulfur atom and R⁶ is selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl and aryl; wherein each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁷ and R⁸ is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkyl and aryl, and wherein each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁷ and R⁸ is further independently selected from amino and amido radicals of the formula

[0075] wherein W is oxygen atom or sulfur atom;

[0076] wherein each of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴ is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkyl and aryl, and wherein each of R² and R³ taken together and each of R⁴ and R⁵ taken together may form a heterocyclic group having five to seven ring members including the nitrogen atom of said amino or amido radical, which heterocyclic group may further contain one or more hetero atoms as ring members selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms and which heterocyclic group may be saturated or partially unsaturated; wherein each of R² and R³ taken together and each of R⁷ and R⁸ taken together may form an aromatic heterocyclic group having five ring members including the nitrogen atom of said amino or amido radical and which aromatic heterocyclic group may further contain one or more hetero atoms as ring atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms; or a tautomer thereof or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

[0077] The combination therapy of the invention would be useful in treating myocardial fibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy, particularly left ventricular hypertrophy. The combination therapy would also be useful with adjunctive therapies. For example, the combination therapy may be used in combination with other drugs, such as a diuretic, to aid in treatment of hypertension.

[0078] Table II, below, contains description of angiotensin II antagonist compounds which may be used in the combination therapy. Associated with each compound listed in Table II is a published patent document describing the chemical preparation of the angiotensin II antagonist compound as well as the biological properties of such compound. The content of each of these patent documents is incorporated herein by reference. TABLE II Angiotensin II Antagonists Compound # Structure Source 1

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 2

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 3

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 4

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 5

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 6

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 7

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 8

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 9

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 10

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 11

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 12

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 13

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 14

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 15

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 16

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 17

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 18

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 19

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 20

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 21

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 22

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 23

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 24

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 25

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 26

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 27

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 28

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 29

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 30

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 31

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 32

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 33

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 34

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 35

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 36

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 37

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 38

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 39

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 40

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 41

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 42

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 43

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 44

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 45

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 46

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 47

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 48

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 49

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 50

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 51

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 52

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 53

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 54

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 55

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 56

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 57

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 58

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 59

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 60

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 61

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 62

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 63

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 64

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 65

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 66

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 67

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 68

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 69

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 70

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 71

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 72

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 73

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 74

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 75

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 76

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991 77

WO #91/17148 pub. November 14, 1991

[0079] TABLE II Angiotensin II Antagonists Compound # Structure Source 78

WO #91/1888 pub. 79

WO #91/18888 pub. 80

WO #91/18888 pub. 81

WO #91/18888 pub. 82

WO #91/18888 pub. 83

WO #91/18888 pub. 84

WO #91/18888 pub. 85

WO #91/18888 pub. 86

WO #91/18888 pub. 87

WO #91/18888 pub. 88

WO #91/18888 pub. 89

WO #91/18888 pub. 90

WO #91/18888 pub. 91

WO #91/18888 pub. 92

WO #91/18888 pub. 93

WO #91/18888 pub. 94

WO #91/18888 pub. 95

WO #91/18888 pub. 96

WO #91/18888 pub. 97

WO #91/18888 pub. 98

WO #91/18888 pub. 99

WO #91/18888 pub. 100

WO #91/18888 pub. 101

WO #91/18888 pub. 102

WO #91/18888 pub. 103

WO #91/18888 pub. 104

WO #91/18888 pub. 105

WO #91/18888 pub. 106

WO #91/18888 pub. 107

WO #91/18888 pub. 108

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 109

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 110

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 111

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 112

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 113

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 114

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 115

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 116

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 117

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 118

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 119

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 120

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 121

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 122

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 123

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 124

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 125

WO #91/19715 pub. 26 Dec. 1991 126

WO #92/05161 pub. 2 Apr. 1992 127

WO #92/05161 pub. 2 Apr. 1992 128

WO #92/05161 pub. 2 Apr. 1992 129

WO #92/05161 pub. 2 Apr. 1992 130

WO #92/05161 pub. 2 Apr. 1992 131

WO #92/05161 pub. 2 Apr. 1992 132

WO #92/07834 pub. 14 May 1992 133

WO #92/07834 pub. 14 May 1992 134

WO #92/07834 pub. 14 May 1992 135

WO #92/07834 pub. 14 May 1992 136

WO #92/07834 pub. 14 May 1992 137

WO #92/07834 pub. 14 May 1992 138

WO #92/07834 pub. 14 May 1992 139

WO #92/11255 pub. 9 Jul. 1992 140

WO #92/11255 pub. 9 Jul. 1992 141

WO #92/11255 pub. 9 Jul. 1992 142

WO #92/11255 pub. 9 Jul. 1992 143

WO #92/11255 pub. 9 Jul. 1992 144

WO #92/11255 pub. 9 Jul. 1992 145

WO #92/11255 pub. 9 Jul. 1992 146

WO #92/11255 pub. 9 Jul. 1992 147

WO #92/11577 pub. 17 Sep. 1992 148

WO #92/11577 pub. 17 Sep. 1992 149

WO #92/11577 pub. 17 Sep. 1992 150

WO #92/16523 pub. 1 Oct. 1992 151

WO #92/16523 pub. 1 Oct. 1992 152

WO #92/16523 pub. 1 Oct. 1992 153

WO #92/16523 pub. 1 Oct. 1992 154

WO #92/16523 pub. 1 Oct. 1992 155

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WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 186

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WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 188

WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 189

WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 190

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WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 216

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WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 219

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WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 222

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WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 227

WO #92/17469 pub. 15 Oct. 1992 228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 240

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 241

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 242

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 243

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 244

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WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 255

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 256

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 257

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 258

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 259

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 260

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 261

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 262

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 263

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 264

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 265

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 266

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 267

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 268

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 269

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 270

WO #92/18092 pub. 29 Oct. 1992 271

PCT/US95/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 272

PCT/US94/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 273

PCT/US94/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 274

PCT/US94/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 275

PCT/US94/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 276

PCT/US94/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 277

PCT/US94/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 278

PCT/US94/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 279

PCT/US94/02156 filed 8 Mar. 1994 280

WO #91/17148 pub. 14 Nov. 1991 281

EP #475,206 pub. 18 Mar. 1992 282

WO #93/18035 pub. 16 Sep. 1993 283

WO #93/17628 pub. 16 Sep. 1993 284

WO #93/17681 pub. 16 Sep. 1993 285

EP #513,533 pub. 19 Nov. 1992 286

EP #535,463 pub. 07 Apr. 1993 287

EP #535,465 pub. 07 Apr. 1993 288

EP #539,713 pub. 05 May 1993 289

EP #542,059 pub. 19 May 1993 290

EP #05 557,843 pub. 01 Sep. 1993 291

EP #563,705 pub. 06 Oct. 1993 292

EP #562,261 pub. 29 Sep. 1993 293

EP #05 557,843 pub. 15 Sep. 1993 294

EP #560,163 pub. 15 Sep. 1993 295

EP #564,788 pub. 13 Oct. 1993 296

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EP #0,569,795 pub. 18 Nov. 1993 298

EP #0,569,794 pub. 18 Nov. 1993 299

EP #0,578,002 pub. 12 Jan. 1994 300

EP #581,003 pub. 2 Feb. 1994 301

EP #392,317 pub. 17 Oct. 1990 302

EP #392,317 pub. 17 Oct. 1990 303

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EP #470,543 pub. 12 Feb. 1992 306

EP #502,314 pub. 09 Sep. 1992 307

EP #529,253 pub. 03 Mar. 1993 308

EP #543,263 pub. 26 May 1993 309

EP #552,765 pub. 28 Jul. 1993 310

EP #555,825 pub. 18 Aug. 1993 311

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EP #324,377 pub. 19 Jul. 1989 318

U.S. Pat. No. 5,043,349 issued 27 Aug. 1991 319

WO #91/00281 pub. 10 Jan. 1991 320

U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,651 pub. 14 May 1991 321

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[0080] The term “hydrido” denotes a single hydrogen atom (H). This hydrido group may be attached, for example, to an oxygen atom to form a hydroxyl group; or, as another example, one hydrido group may be attached to a carbon atom to form a

[0081] group; or as another example, two hydrido atoms may be attached to a carbon atom to form a —CH₂— group. Where the term “alkyl” is used, either alone or within other terms such as “haloalkyl” and “hydroxyalkyl”, the term “alkyl” embraces linear or branched radicals having one to about twenty carbon atoms or, preferably, one to about twelve carbon atoms. More preferred alkyl radicals are “lower alkyl” radicals having one to about ten carbon atoms. Most preferred are lower alkyl radicals having one to about five carbon atoms. The term “cycloalkyl” embraces cyclic radicals having three to about ten ring carbon atoms, preferably three to about six carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term “haloalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with one or more halo groups, preferably selected from bromo, chloro and fluoro. Specifically embraced by the term “haloalkyl”, are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl groups. A monohaloalkyl group, for example, may have either a bromo, a chloro, or a fluoro atom within the group. Dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl groups may be substituted with two or more of the same halo groups, or may have a combination of different halo groups. A dihaloalkyl group, for example, may have two fluoro atoms, such as difluoromethyl and difluorobutyl groups, or two chloro atoms, such as a dichloromethyl group, or one fluoro atom and one chloro atom, such as a fluoro-chloromethyl group. Examples of a polyhaloalkyl are trifluoromethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluoroethyl and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl groups. The term “difluoroalkyl” embraces alkyl groups having two fluoro atoms substituted on any one or two of the alkyl group carbon atoms. The terms “alkylol” and “hydroxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched alkyl groups having one to about ten carbon atoms any one of which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. The term “alkenyl” embraces linear or branched radicals having two to about twenty carbon atoms, preferably three to about ten carbon atoms, and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which carbon-carbon double bond may have either cis or trans geometry within the alkenyl moiety. The term “alkynyl” embraces linear or branched radicals having two to about twenty carbon atoms, preferably two to about ten carbon atoms, and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The term “cycloalkenyl” embraces cyclic radicals having three to about ten ring carbon atoms including one or more double bonds involving adjacent ring carbons. The terms “alkoxyl” and “alkoxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkyl portions of one to about ten carbon atoms, such as methoxy group. The term “alkoxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having two or more alkoxy groups attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl groups. The “alkoxy” or “alkoxyalkyl” radicals may be further substi-tuted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide haloalkoxy or haloalkoxyalkyl groups. The term “alkylthio” embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl group, of one to about ten carbon atoms attached to a divalent sulfur atom, such as a methythio group. Preferred aryl groups are those consisting of one, two, or three benzene rings. The term “aryl” embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl and biphenyl. The term “aralkyl” embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals such as benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, phenyl-ethyl, phenylbutyl and diphenylethyl. The terms “benzyl” and “phenylmethyl” are interchangeable. The terms “phenalkyl” and “phenylalkyl” are interchangeable. An example of “phenalkyl” is “phenethyl” which is interchangeable with “phenylethyl”. The terms “alkylaryl”, “alkoxyaryl” and “haloaryl” denote, respectively, the substitution of one or more “alkyl”, “alkoxy” and “halo” groups, respectively, substituted on an “aryl” nucleus, such as a phenyl moiety. The terms “aryloxy” and “arylthio” denote radicals respectively, provided by aryl groups having an oxygen or sulfur atom through which the radical is attached to a nucleus, examples of wnich are phenoxy and phenylthio. The terms “sulfinyl” and “sulfonyl”, whether used alone or linked to other terms, denotes, respectively, divalent radicals SO and SO₂. The term “aralkoxy”, alone or within another term, embraces an aryl group attached to an alkoxy group to form, for example, benzyloxy. The term “acyl” whether used alone, or within a term such as acyloxy, denotes a radical provided by the residue after removal of hydroxyl from an organic acid, examples of such radical being acetyl and benzoyl. “Lower alkanoyl” is an example of a more prefered sub-class of acyl. The term “amido” denotes a radical consisting of nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl group, which radical may be further substituted in the manner described herein. The term “monoalkylaminocarbonyl” is interchangeable with “N-alkylamido”. The term “dialkylaminocarbonyl” is interchangeable with “N,N-dialkylamido”. The term “alkenylalkyl” denotes a radical having a double-bond unsaturation site between two carbons, and which radical may consist of only two carbons or may be further substituted with alkyl groups which may optionally contain additional double-bond unsaturation. The term “heteroaryl”, where not otherwised defined before, embraces aromatic ring systems containing one or two hetero atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in a ring system having five or six ring members, examples of which are thienyl, furanyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidyl and isoxazolyl. Such heteroaryl may be attached as a substituent through a carbon atom of the heteroaryl ring system, or may be attached through a carbon atom of a moiety substituted on a heteroaryl ring-member carbon atom, for example, through the methylene substituent of imidazolemethyl moiety. Also, such heteroaryl may be attached through a ring nitrogen atom as long as aromaticity of the heteroaryl moiety is preserved after attachment. For any of the foregoing defined radicals, preferred radicals are those containing from one to about ten carbon atoms.

[0082] Specific examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropy, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, methylbutyl, dimethylbutyl and neopentyl. Typical alkenyl and alkynyl groups may have one unsaturated bond, such as an allyl group, or may have a plurality of unsaturated bonds, with such plurality of bonds either adjacent, such as allene-type structures, or in conjugation, or separated by several saturated carbons.

[0083] Also included in the combination of the invention are the isomeric forms of the above-described angiotensin II receptor compounds and the epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor compounds, including diastereoisomers, regioisomers and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salts” embraces salts commonly used to form alkali metal salts and to form addition salts of free acids or free bases. The nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it is pharmaceutically-acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts may be prepared from an inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, carbonic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, example of which are formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucuronic, maleic, fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic, p-hydroxybenzoic, salicyclic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonic (pamoic), methansulfonic, ethanesulfonic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, pantothenic, benzenesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, sulfanilic, mesylic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, stearic, algenic, β-hydroxybutyric, malonic, galactaric and galacturonic acid. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable base addition salts include metallic salts made from aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) and procaine. All of these salts may be prepared by conventional means from the corresponding compound by reacting, for example, the appropriate acid or base with such compound.

BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

[0084] In order to determine the probable effectiveness of a combination therapy for treating or preventing the progression of cardiofibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy, it is important to determine the potency of individual components of the combination therapy. Accordingly, in Assays “A” through “C”, the angiotensin II receptor antagonist profiles were determined for many of the compounds described in Table II, herein. In Assay “D”, there is described a method for evaluating a combination therapy of the invention, namely, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist of Table II and an epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist. The efficacy of each of the individual drugs, spironolactone and the angiotensin II receptor blocker, and of these drugs given together at various doses, is evaluated in a rodent model. The methods and results of such assays are described below.

[0085] Assay A: Antiotensin II Binding Activity

[0086] Compounds of the invention were tested for ability to bind to the smooth muscle angiotensin II receptor using a rat uterine membrane preparation. Angiotensin II (AII) was purchased from Peninsula Labs. ¹²⁵I-angiotensin II (specific activity of 2200 Ci/mmol) was purchased from Du Pont-New England Nuclear. Other chemicals were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. This assay was carried out according to the method of Douglas et al [Endocrinology, 106, 120-124 (1980)]. Rat uterine membranes were prepared from fresh tissue. All procedures were carried out at 4° C. Uteri were stripped of fat and homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4 containing 5 mM EDTA. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1500×g for 20 min., and the supernatant was recentrifuged at 100,000×g for 60 min. The pellet was resuspended in buffer consisting of 2 mM EDTA and 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) to a final protein concentration of 4 mg/ml. Assay tubes were charged with 0.25 ml of a solution containing 5 mM MgCl₂, 2 mM EDTA, 0.5% bovine serum albumin, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5 and ¹²⁵I-AII (approximately 10⁵ cpm) in the absence or in the presence of unlabelled ligand. The reaction was initiates by the addition of membrane protein and the mixture was incubated at 25° C. for 60 min. The incubation was terminated with ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) and the mixture was filtered to separate membrane-bound labelled peptide from the free ligand. The incubation tube and filter were washed with ice-cold buffer. Filters were assayed for radioactivity in a Micromedic gamma counter. Nonspecific binding was defined as binding in the presence of 10 μM of unlabelled AII. Specific binding was calculated as total binding minus nonspecific binding. The receptor binding affinity of an AII antagonist compound was indicated by the concentration (IC₅₀) of the tested AII antagonist which gives 50% displacement of the total specifically bound ¹²⁵I-AII from the angiotensin II AT₁ receptor. Binding data were analyzed by a nonlinear least-squares curve fitting program. Results are reported in Table III.

[0087] Assay B: In vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle-response for AII

[0088] The compounds of the invention were tested for antagonist activity in rabbit aortic rings. Male New Zealand white rabbits (2-2.5 kg) were sacrificed using an overdose of pentobarbital and exsanguinated via the carotid arteries. The thoracic aorta was removed, cleaned of adherent fat and connective tissue and then cut into 3-mm ring segments. The endothelium was removed from the rings by gently sliding a rolled-up piece of filter paper into the vessel lumen. The rings were then mounted in a water-jacketed tissue bath, maintained at 37° C., between moveable and fixed ends of a stainless steel wire with the moveable end attached to an FT03 Grass transducer coupled to a Model 7D Grass Polygraph for recording isometric force responses. The bath was filled with 20 ml of oxygenated (95% oxygen/5% carbon dioxide) Krebs solution of the following composition (mM): 130 NaCl, 15 NaHCO₃, 15 KCl, 1.2 NaH₂P0₄, 1.2 MgS0₄, 2.5 CaCl₂, and 11.4 glucose. The preparations were equilibrated for one hour before approximately one gram of passive tension was placed on the rings. Angiotensin II concentration-response curves were then recorded (3×10⁻¹⁰ to 1×10⁻⁵ M). Each concentration of AII was allowed to elicit its maximal contraction, and then AII was washed out repeatedly for 30 minutes before rechallenging with a higher concentration of AII. Aorta rings were exposed to the test antagonist at 10⁻⁵ M for 5 minutes before challenging with AII. Adjacent segments of the same aorta ring were used for all concentration-response curves in the presence or absence of the test antagonist. The effectiveness of the test compound was expressed in terms of pA₂ values and were calculated according to H. O. Schild [Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother., 2, 189-206 (1947)]. The pA₂ value is the concentration of the antagonist which increases the EC₅₀ value for AII by a factor of two. Each test antagonist was evaluated in aorta rings from two rabbits. Results are reported in Table III.

[0089] Assay C: In vivo Intragastric Pressor Assay Response for All Antagonists

[0090] Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 225-300 grams were anesthetized with methohexital (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and catheters were implanted into the femoral artery and vein. The catheters were tunneled subcutaneously to exit dorsally, posterior to the head and between the scapulae. The catheters were filled with heparin (1000 units/ml of saline). The rats were returned to their cage and allowed regular rat chow and water ad libitum. After full recovery from surgery (3-4 days), rats were placed in Lucite holders and the arterial line was connected to a pressure transducer. Arterial pressure was recorded on a Gould polygraph (mmHg). Angiotensin II was administered as a 30 ng/kg bolus via the venous catheter delivered in a 50 μl volume with a 0.2 ml saline flush. The pressor response in mm Hg was measured by the difference from pre-injection arterial pressure to the maximum pressure achieved. The AII injection was repeated every 10 minutes until three consecutive injections yielded responses within 4 mmHg of each other. These three responses were then averaged and represented the control response to AII. The test compound was suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose in water and was administered by gavage. The volume administered was 2 ml/kg body weight. The standard dose was 3 mg/kg. Angiotensin II bolus injections were given at 30, 45, 60, 75, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after gavage. The pressor response to AII was measured at each time point. The rats were then returned to their cage for future testing. A minimum of 3 days was allowed between tests. Percent inhibition was calculated for each time point following gavage by the following formula: [(Control Response—Response at time point)/Control Response]×100. Results are shown in Table III.

[0091] Assay “D”: Renal Hypertensive Rat Model

[0092] A combination therapy of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and an epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist e.g., spironolactone, may be evaluated for blood pressure lowering activity in the renal-artery ligated hypertensive rat, a model of high renin hypertension. In this model, six days after ligation of the left renal artery, both plasma renin activity and blood pressure are elevated significantly [J. L. Cangiano et al, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 206, 310-313 (1979)]. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are instrumented with a radiotelemetry blood pressure transmitter for continuous monitoring of blood pressure. The rats are anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine-HCl (100 mg/kg) and acepromazine maleate (2.2 mg/kg). The abdominal aorta is exposed via a midline incision. Microvascular clamps are placed on the aorta distal to the renal arteries and at the iliac bifurcation. The aorta is punctured with a 22-guage needle and the tip of a catheter is introduced. The catheter, which is held in place by a ligature in the psoas muscle, is connected to a radiotelemetry blood pressure transmitter (Mini-Mitter Co., Inc., Sunriver, Oreg.). The transmitter is placed in the peritoneal cavity and sutured to abdominal muscle upon closing of the incision. Rats are housed singly above a radiotelemetry receiver and are allowed standard rat chow and water ad libitum. At least 5 days are allowed for recovery from surgery. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate are measured on a Compaq DeskPro 286 AT computer. Data are sampled for 10 seconds at 200-500 hz at 2.5 to 10 min intervals 24 hours per day. After collecting control data for 24 hours, the rats are anesthetized with methohexital (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and supplemented as needed. A midline abdominal incision is made, approximately 2 cm in length to expose the left kidney. The renal artery is separated from the vein near the aorta, with care taken not to traumatize the vein. The artery is completely ligated with sterile 4-O silk. The incision is closed by careful suturing of the muscle layer and skin. Six days later, when MAP is typically elevated by 50-70 mmHg, an AII receptor antagonist, or an aldosterone receptor antagonist, or a combination of the two compounds are administered by gavage each day for about 8 weeks. Single drug dosing is carried out using 20 and 200 mg/kg/day of spironolactone and 1,3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg/day of an AII receptor antagonist. Drug mixtures are obtained by administering a combination of a dose of 1,3,10,30 or 100 mg/kg/day of the AII receptor antagonist with a dose of either 20 or 200 mg/kg/day of the aldosterone antagonist. Blood pressure lowering is monitored by the radiotelemetry system and responses with the compounds are compared to responses obtained in vehicle-treated animals. Plasma and urinary sodium and potassium levels are monitored as a measure of the effectiveness of the aldosterone blockade. Urine samples are collected overnight using metabolic cages to isolate the samples. Plasma samples are obtained by venous catheterization. Sodium and potassium are measured by flame photometry. Cardiac fibrosis is determined by histological and chemical measurements of the excised hearts following perfusion fixation. Left and right ventricles are weighed, embedded and sectioned. Subsequently, sections are stained with picrosirius red and the red staining collagen areas are quantitated by computerized image analysis. The apex of the heart is acid digested and the free hydroxyproline measured calorimetrically. It is expected that MAP will be significantly lowered toward normal pressures in the test animals, treated with the combination therapy and that the condition of myocardial fibrosis will be arrested or avoided. TABLE III In Vivo and In Vitro Angiotensin II Activity of Compounds of the Invention Test ¹Assay A ³Assay C Compound IC₅₀ ²Assay B Dose Inhibition Duration Example # (nM) pA₂ (mg/kg) (%) (min.) 1 NT NT NT NT NT 2 95 7.37/7.59 10 95    60 30 98  90-120 3 5.4 8.70 ± 0.2  10 50 >180 30 100   200⁺ 4 NT NT NT NT NT 5 200 7.48/6.91 30 38 20-30 6 1300 6.55/6.82 100  90   120 7 84 8.01/8.05 30 90   130 8 17,000 NT NT NT NT 9 700 6.67/6.12 30 80    75 100  100    130 10 4.9 8.19/7.59  3 86   100 30 100    240 11 160 6.45/6.77 NT NT NT 12 6.0 8.66/8.59 NT NT NT 13 17 8.70/8.85 NT NT NT 14 7.2 8.84/8.71 NT NT NT 15 16 8.31/8.30 NT NT NT 16 6.4 8.95/9.24 NT NT NT 17 4.0 8.64/8.40 NT NT NT 18 970 6.14/6.09 NT NT NT 19 12,000 5.18/5.35 NT NT NT 20 78,000 5.89/5.99 100  10    45 21 7 7.71.7.21 NT NT NT 22 460 6.60/6.46 NT NT NT 23 430 6.48/7.15 NT NT NT 24 10 7.56/7.73 NT NT NT 25 480 6.80/6.73 NT NT NT 26 3.2 9.83/9.66 10 50 >180 27 180 NT NT NT NT 28 570 5.57/6.00 NT NT NT 29 160 NT NT NT NT 30 22 7.73/7.88 30 50 >180 31 14 NT NT NT NT 32 16 7.68/7.29 NT NT NT 33 630 6.73/6.36 NT NT NT 34 640 5.34/5.69 NT NT NT 35 41 7.25/7.47 NT NT NT 36 1400 5.92/5.68 NT NT NT 37 340 6.90/6.85 NT NT NT 38 10 7.82/8.36 NT NT NT 39 10 7.88/7.84 NT NT NT 40 83 7.94/7.61 NT NT NT 41 3700 5.68/5.96 NT NT NT 42 370 6.56/6.26 NT NT NT 43 19 8.97/8.61 NT NT NT 44 16 8.23/7.70 NT NT NT 45 4.4 8.41/8.24 NT NT NT 46 110 6.80/6.64 NT NT NT 47 21 7.85/7.58 NT NT NT 48 680 6.27/6.75 NT NT NT 49 120 7.06/7.07 NT NT NT 50 54 7.71/7.89 NT NT NT 51 8.7 8.39/8.51 NT NT NT 52 100 8.14/8.12 NT NT NT 53 65 7.56/7.83 NT NT NT 54 3100  6.02 NT NT NT 55 80 6.56/7.13 NT NT NT 56 5.0 9.04/8.35 NT NT NT 57 2300  6.00 NT NT NT 58 140 6.45/6.57 NT NT NT 59 120 7.23/7.59 NT NT NT 60 2200 6.40/6.03 NT NT NT 61 110 7.29/7.70 NT NT NT 62 26 8.69/8.61 NT NT NT 63 61 7.77/7.67 NT NT NT 64 54 7.00/6.77 NT NT NT 65 23 7.85/7.75 NT NT NT 66 12 9.34/8.58 NT NT NT 67 3100 5.88/5.78 NT NT NT 68 8.6 8.19/8.65 NT NT NT 69 15 7.80/8.28 NT NT NT 70 44 7.71/8.05 NT NT NT 71 12,000 * NT NT NT 72 83 6.11/6.10 NT NT NT 73 790 7.65/7.46 NT NT NT 74 6.5 8.56/8.39 NT NT NT 75 570 6.00/5.45 NT NT NT 76 5400 5.52/5.78 NT NT NT 77 15,000  5.77 NT NT NT 78 101 7.0 93  60-100 79 4.9 9.2 100  >200 50 >180 80 25 8.1 NT NT 81 18 8.0 40   180 82 7.9 8.5 20   180 83 3.6 8.3 15 >180 84 16 7.1 20    30 85 8.7 8.9 NT NT 86 9 7.8 NT NT 87 91 7.8 NT NT 88 50 7.7 NT NT 89 18 7.9 NT NT 90 5.6 9.0 NT NT 91 30 8.6 40 >180 92 35 7.9 NT NT 93 480 NT NT NT 94 5,800 NT NT NT 95 66 8.2 NT NT 96 21 8.0 NT NT 97 280 7.7 NT NT 98 22 8.1 NT NT 99 280 6.5 NT NT 100 4.4 9.4 NT NT 101 36 7.8 NT NT 102 43 7.7 NT NT 103 12 8.0 NT NT 104 15 8.0 NT NT 105 290 6.6 NT NT 106 48 7.7 NT NT 107 180 8.3 NT NT 108 720 5.3 100  45    90 109 250 7.3 30 50    30 110 590 6.4 NT NT 111 45 9.0 30 87   160 112 2000 5.2 NT NT 113 12 8.4 10 60   180 114 400 6.4 NT 115 11 8.2  3 40 >240 116 230 6.5 NT 117 170 6.5 NT 118 37 9.21/9.17 10 70   120 119 16 9.21/9.00  3 20    60 120 25 9.05/8.77 10 80   240 121 46 NT NT 122 46 NT NT 123 50 NT NT 124 40 9.42/9.12  3 45 >180 125 40 9.25/8.80  3 35 >240 126 240 7.20/7.05 NT 127 12,000  4.96 NT 128 16 8.63/8.40 NT 129 6,700  5.30 NT 130 40 8.10/7.94 NT 131 9.5 7.53/8.25 132 12 8.6 NT 133 10 8.7  3 20   180  90-120 134 22 9.3  3 35   180 135 16 8.5  3 35 >180 136 NT NT NT 137 220 8.3 NT 138 130 8.2 NT 139 0.270 6.3 NT 140 0.031 8.1 100    160 141 0.110  8.02 NT NT 142 2.000 NA NT NT 143 0.052 7.7 85    75 144 0.088 7.7 50   125 145 0.480 6.7 NT NT 146 0.072 6.4 NT NT 147 5.8 5.6  3 74  5-10 148 0.87 5.8  3 92 20-30 149 1.1 6.1  3 NT NT 150 14 8.03/7.80  3 25 >180 151 17 7.76/7.97  3 15   180 152 150 7.46/7.23  3 10   140 153 13 8.30/7.69  3 25 >180 154 97 8.19/8.38 NA 155 86 7.60/7.14 NA 156 78 8.03/7.66 NA 157 530    −/6.22 NA 158 54 8.23/8.14  3 30 >180 159 21 7.92/7.56  3 10   150 160 64 7.87/7.71 161 28 NA 162 380 6.21/6.55 NA 163 420 7.42/6.75 NA 164 1700 NA 165 410 6.90/7.18 NA 166 160 7.57/7.74 NA 167 370 7.08/7.11 NA 168 420 7.69/7.58 NA 169 150 7.78/7.58  3 15   180 170 26 7.08/7.77  3 40 >180 171 28 7.52/7.11  3  0    0 172 70 7.15/7.04 NA 173 90 7.49/6.92 NA 174 180 7.29/7.02 NA 175 27 NA  3  0    0 176 9.8 7.69/7.55  3 10   150 177 26 7.41/7.85  3 15   180 178 88 7.54/7.47 NA 179 310 6.67/−    NA 180 20 7.56/7.15  3 25   180 181 21 7.70/7.12  3 20   180 182 59 NA NA 183 390 NA NA 184 1100 6.78/−    NA 135 6.5 8.82/8.53  3 50 >180 186 38 8.13/7.40  3 25   180 187 770 7.46/6.95 NA 188 140 7.72/7.09 NA 189 29 8.64/8.23 NA 190 10 7.87/7.89  3 10   180 191 81 7.75/7.76  3 10   180 192 140 NA 193 11 9.27/8.87  3 10   180 194 47 7.64/7.35 NA 195 34 8.44/8.03 NA 196 31 7.68/8.26 NA 197 14 8.03/8.60 NA 198 7.6 8.76/8.64  3 35 >180 199 10 8.79/8.85  3 60 >180 200 20 8.42/8.77  3 45 >180 201 17 8.78/8.63  3 10   180 202 12 8.79/8.64  3 65 >180 203 9.2 8.43/8.36  3 50 >180 204 16 9.17/8.86  3 75 >180 205 20 9.14/9.15  3 40 >180 206 5.4 8.75/8.89  3 30 >180 207 99 9.04/8.60 NA 208 22 9.19/8.69  3 50 >180 209 5.0 9.41/9.16  3 25 >180 210 3.6 8.36/8.44  3 15   180 211 18 8.74/8.67  3 35 >180 212 23 8.85/8.25  3 15   180 213 51 NA NA 214 65 NA NA 215 45 NA NA 216 5.4 8.80/9.04  3 50 >180 217 9.4 NA  3 65 >180 218 9.0 NA NA 219 14 NA NA 220 7.0 NA  3 75   120 221 4.8 NA  3 25 >180 222 5.0 NA NA 223 14 7.45/7.87  3 20 >180 224 91 NA NA 225 160 NA NA 226 93 NA NA 227 89 7.55/7.67 NA 228 4.5 9.17/8.25  3 80 >180 229 19 NT  3 40 >180 230 2.6 8.23/8.69  3 25 >180 231 3.6 NT  3 75 >180 232 4.4 8.59/8.89  3 70 >180 233 84 8.51/8.78 NT 234 5.0 8.49/9.00  3 20 — 235 34 7.14/7.07 NT 236 4.9 NC  3 70 >180 237 3.6 NT NT 238 1.7 NT  3 15 >180 239 6.8 7.88/8.01  3 20 >180 240 120 NA NA 241 6.9 8.57/8.24  3 40 >180 242 110 7.11/6.60 NA 243 250 NA NA 244 150 7.17/7.17 NA 245 98 6.64/7.04 NA 246 72 7.46/7.59 NA 247 9.4 8.26/8.41  3 20   180 248 20 7.68/7.50  3 10 — 249 4.4 NA  3 20 >180 250 43 NA  3  0 — 251 25 NA NA 252 13 NA NA 253 2.6 NA NA 254 72 NA NA 255 12 7.61/7.46  3 20 >180 256 4.1 8.43/7.78  3 30 >180 257 160 6.63/6.68 NA 258 350 6.84/6.84 NA 259 54 NA NA 260 220 NA NA 261 18 NA NA 262 530    −/6.22 NA 263 57 NA NA 264 11 NA NA 265 110 NA NA 266 290 NA NA 267 25 NA  3 25 >180 268 520 NA  3  0 — 269 9.7 NA NA 270 21 NA NA 271 14 NC  3 20% — 272 97 NC  3 70% >180 min. 273 9.8 8.53/8.61  3 25% >180 min. 274 13 9.06/8.85  3 35% >180 min. 275 6.3 9.07/−     3 40% >180 min. 276 33 8.71/8.64  3 <20%   277 190    −/6.54 NT 278 30 8.49/8.51  3 50% >180 min. 279 270 8.06/8.25 NT 280 480 6.41/6.35 NT NT NT

[0093] NT=NOT TESTED

[0094] NC=Non-Competitive antagonist

[0095] *Antagonist Activity not observed up to 10 μM of test compound.

[0096] 1Assay A: Angiotensin II Binding Activity

[0097] 2Assay B: In vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle Response

[0098] 3Assay C: In vivo Pressor Response

[0099] Test Compounds administered intragastrically, except for compounds of examples #1-#2, #4-#25, #27-#29, #30-#79, #108-#109, #111, #118 and #139-#149 which were given intraduodenally.

[0100] Administration of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist and the aldosterone receptor antagonist may take place sequentially in separate formulations, or may be accomplished by simultaneous administration in a single formulation or separate formulations. Administration may be accomplished by oral route, or by intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. The formulation may be in the form of a bolus, or in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers or diluents, or a binder such as gelatin or hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose, together with one or more of a lubricant, preservative, surface-active or dispersing agent.

[0101] For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, a tablet, capsule, suspension or liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a particular amount of the active ingredient. Examples of such dosage units are tablets or capsules. These may with advantage contain an amount of each active ingredient from about 1 to 250 mg, preferably from about 25 to 150 mg. A suitable daily dose for a mammal may vary widely depending on the condition of the patient and other factors. However, a dose of from about 0.01 to 30 mg/kg body weight, particularly from about 1 to 15 mg/kg body weight, may be appropriate.

[0102] The active ingredients may also be administered by injection as a composition wherein, for example, saline, dextrose or water may be used as a suitable carrier. A suitable daily dose of each active component is from about 0.01 to 15 mg/kg body weight injected per day in multiple doses depending on the disease being treated. A preferred daily dose would be from about 1 to 10 mg/kg body weight. Compounds indicated for prophylactic therapy will preferably be administered in a daily dose generally in a range from about 0.1 mg to about 15 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. A more preferred dosage will be a range from about 1 mg to about 15 mg per kilogram of body weight. Most preferred is a dosage in a range from about 1 to about 10 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. A suitable dose can be administered, in multiple sub-doses per day. These sub-doses may be administered in unit dosage forms. Typically, a dose or sub-dose may contain from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active compound per unit dosage form. A more preferred dosage will contain from about 2 mg to about 50 mg of active compound per unit dosage form. Most preferred is a dosage form containing from about 3 mg to about 25 mg of active compound per unit dose.

[0103] In combination therapy, the aldosterone receptor antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 5 mg to about 400 mg, and the AII antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 1 mg to about 800 mg, which represents aldosterone antagonist-to-AII antagonist ratios ranging from about 400:1 to about 1:160.

[0104] In a preferred combination therapy, the aldosterone receptor antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 10 mg to about 200 mg, and the AII antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 5 mg to about 600 mg, which represents aldosterone antagonist-to-AII antagonist ratios ranging from about 40:1 to about 1:60.

[0105] In a more preferred combination therapy, the aldosterone receptor antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 20 mg to about 100 mg, and the AII antagonist may be present in an amount in a range from about 10 mg to about 400 mg, which represents aldosterone antagonist-to-AII antagonist ratios ranging from about 10:1 to about 1:20.

[0106] The dosage regimen for creating a disease condition with the combination therapy of this invention is selected in Accordance with a variety of factors, including the type, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, and the particular compound employed, and thus may vary widely.

[0107] For therapeutic purposes, the active components of this combination therapy invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration. If administered per os, the components may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient administration. Such capsules or tablets may contain a controlled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration. The components may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art.

[0108] Although this invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, the details of these embodiments are not to be construed as limitations. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method to treat a subject susceptible to or afflicted with cardiofibrosis or cardiac hypertrophy, which method comprises administering a combination of drug agents comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a therapeutically-effective amount of an epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said aldosterone receptor antagonist is 17-hydroxy-7α-mercapto-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid γ-lactone acetate or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said angiotensin II receptor antagonist is selected from compounds consisting of a first portion and a second portion, wherein said first portion is selected from a fragment of Formula I: Ar-Alk-L Ar-L-Ar-Alk-L Het-L-Ar-Alk-L Het-L-Het-Alk-L Ar-L-Het-Alk-L Het-L-Alk-L  (I)wherein Ar is a five or six-membered carbocyclic ring system consisting of one ring or two fused rings, with such ring or rings being fully unsaturated or partially or fully saturated; wherein Het is a monocyclic or bicyclic fused ring system having from five to eleven ring members, and having at least one of such ring members being a hetero atom selected from one or more hetero atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and with such ring system containing up to six of such hetero atoms as ring members; wherein Alk is an alkyl radical or alkylene chain, linear or branched, containing from one to about five carbon atoms; wherein L is a straight bond or a bivalent linker moiety selected from carbon, oxygen and sulfur; and wherein said second portion is a monocyclic heterocyclic moiety selected from moieties of Formula IIa or is a bicyclic heterocyclic moiety selected from moieties of Formula IIb:

wherein each of X¹ through X⁶ is selected from —CH═, —CH₂—, —N═, —NH—, 0, and S, with the proviso that at least one of X¹ through X⁶ in each of Formula IIa and Formula IIb must be a hetero atom, and wherein said heterocyclic moiety of Formula IIa or IIb may be attached through a bond from any ring member of the Formula IIa or IIb heterocyclic moiety having a substitutable or a bond-forming position.
 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said monocyclic heterocyclic moiety of Formula IIa is selected from thienyl, furyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isothiazolyl, soxazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, turanyl, thiophenyl, isopyrrolyl, 3-isopyrrolyl, 2-isoimidazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2-dithiolyl, 1,3-dithiolyl, 1,2,3-oxathiolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 1,2,3,5-oxatriazolyl, 1,2,3-dioxazolyl, 1,2,4-dioxazolyl, 1,3,2-dioxazolyl, 1,3,4-dioxazolyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazolyl, 1,3-oxathiolyl, 1,2-pyranyl, 1,4-pyranyl, 1,2-pyronyl, 1,4-pyronyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, s-triazinyl, as-triazinyl, v-triazinyl, 1,2,4-oxazinyl, 1,3,2-oxazinyl, 1,3,6-oxazinyl, 1,2,6-oxazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, o-isoxazinyl, p-isoxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, o-isoxazinyl, p-isoxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,2,6-oxathiazinyl, 1,4,2-oxadiazinyl, 1,3,5,2-oxadiazinyl, morpholinyl, azepinyl, oxepinyl, thiepinyl and 1,2,4-diazepinyl.
 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said bicyclic heterocyclic moiety of Formula IIb is selected from benzo[b]thienyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, thieno[2,3-b]furanyl, 2H-furo[3,2-b]pyranyl, 5H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,2]oxazinyl, 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]oxazolyl, 4H-imidazo[4,5-d]thiazolyl, pyrazino[2,3-d]pyridazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, cyclopenta[b]pyranyl, 4H-[1,3]oxathiolo-[5,4-b]pyrrolyl, thieno[2,3-b]furanyl, imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazinyl and 4H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-d]imidazolyl.
 6. The method of claim 5 wherein said angiotensin II receptor antagonist compound having said first-and-second-portion moieties of Formula I and II is further characterized by having an acidic moiety attached to either of said first-and-second-portion moieties.
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein said acidic moiety is attached to the first-portion moiety of Formula I and is defined by Formula III: —U_(n)A  (III) wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive, and wherein A is an acidic group selected to contain at least one acidic hydrogen atom, and the amide, ester and salt derivatives of said acidic moieties; wherein U is a spacer group independently selected from one or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl and heteroaryl having one or more ring atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms.
 8. The method of claim 7 wherein said acidic moiety is selected from carboxyl moiety and tetrazolyl moiety.
 9. The method of claim 7 wherein any of the moieties of Formula I and Formula II may be substituted at any substitutable position by one or more radicals selected from hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, halo, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aralkylthio, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aroyl, cycloalkenyl, cyano, cyanoamino, nitro, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, mercapto, mercaptocarbonyl, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl having one or more ring atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, and amino and amido radicals of the formula

wherein W is oxygen atom or sulfur atom; wherein each of R¹ through R⁵ is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, YR⁶ and

wherein Y is selected from oxygen atom and sulfur atom and R⁶ is selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl and aryl; wherein each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁷ and R⁸ is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkyl and aryl, and wherein each of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁷ and R⁸ is further independently selected from amino and amido radicals of the formula

wherein W is oxygen atom or sulfur atom; wherein each of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴ is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, aralkyl and aryl, and wherein each of R² and R³ taken together and each of R⁴ and R⁵ taken together may form a heterocyclic group having five to seven ring members including the nitrogen atom of said amino or amido radical, which heterocyclic group may further contain one or more hetero atoms as ring members selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms and which heterocyclic group may be saturated or partially unsaturated; wherein each of R² and R³ taken together and each of R⁷ and R⁸ taken together may form an aromatic heterocyclic group having five ring members including the nitrogen atom of said amino or amido radical and which aromatic heterocyclic group may further contain one or more hetero atoms as ring atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms; or a tautomer thereof or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 10. The method of claim 9 wherein said angiotensin II receptor antagonist is 5-[2-[5-[(3,5-dibutyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-pyridinyl]phenyl-1H-tetrazole or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof and said aldosterone receptor antagonist is 17-hydroxy-7α-mercapto-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid γ-lactone acetate or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 11. The method of claim 10 further characterized by said angiotensin II receptor antagonist and said aldosterone receptor antagonist being present in said combination in a weight ratio range from about one-to-one to about twenty-to-one of said angiotensin II receptor antagonist to said aldosterone receptor antagonist.
 12. The method of claim 11 wherein said weight ratio range is from about five-to-one to about fifteen-to-one.
 13. The method of claim 12 wherein said weight ratio range is about ten-to-one.
 14. The method of claim 1 wherein said angiotensin II receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of saralasin acetate, candesartan cilexetil, CGP-63170, EMD-66397, KT3-671, LR-B/081, valsartan, A-81282, BIBR-363, BIBS-222, BMS-184698, candesartan, CV-11194, EXP-3174, KW-3433, L-161177, L-162154, LR-B/057, LY-235656, PD-150304, U-96849, U-97018, UP-275-22, WAY-126227, WK-1492.2K, YM-31472, losartan potassium, E-4177, EMD-73495, eprosartan, HN-65021, irbesartan, L-159282, ME-3221, SL-91.0102, Tasosartan, Telmisartan, UP-269-6, YM-358, CGP-49870, GA-0056, L-159689, L-162234, L-162441, L-163007, PD-123177, A-81988, BMS-180560, CGP-38560A, CGP-48369, DA-2079, DE-3489, DuP-167, EXP-063, EXP-6155, EXP-6803, EXP-7711, EXP-9270, FK-739, HR-720, ICI-D6888, ICI-D7155, ICI-D8731, isoteoline, KRI-1177, L-158809, L-158978, L-159874, LR B087, LY-285434, LY-302289, LY-315995, RG-13647, RWJ-38970, RWJ-46458, S-8307, S-8308, saprisartan, saralasin, Sarmesin, WK-1360, X-6803, ZD-6888, ZD-7155, ZD-8731, BIBS39, CI-996, DMP-811, DuP-532, EXP-929, L-163017, LY-301875, XH-148, XR-510, zolasartan and PD-123319.
 15. The method of claim 14 wherein said angiotensin II receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of saralasin acetate, candesartan cilexetil, CGP-63170, EMD-66397, KT3-671, LR-B/081, valsartan, A-81282, BIBR-363, BIBS-222, BMS-184698, candesartan, CV-11194, EXP-3174, KW-3433, L-161177, L-162154, LR-B/057, LY-235656, PD-150304, U-96849, U-97018, UP-275-22, WAY-126227, WK-1492.2K, YM-31472, losartan potassium, E-4177, EMD-73495, eprosartan, HN-65021, irbesartan, L-159282, ME-3221, SL-91.0102, Tasosartan, Telmisartan, UP-269-6, YM-358, CGP-49870, GA-0056, L-159689, L-162234, L-162441, L-163007 and PD-123177.
 16. The method of claim 1 comprising administering said combination to treat or prevent the progression of cardiofibrosis.
 17. The method of claim 1 comprising administering said combination to treat or prevent the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.
 18. The method of claim 1 wherein said epoxy-free spirolactone-type aldosterone receptor antagonist is spironolactone which is administered in a non-diuretic-effective amount. 